Unstructured Mesh: Unstructured Mesh Tallies with CAD and Point Cloud Visualization

unstructured-mesh-part-ii

Unstructured Mesh Tallies with CAD Geometry in OpenMC

In the first notebook on this topic, we looked at how to set up a tally using an unstructured mesh in OpenMC. In this notebook, we will explore using unstructured mesh in conjunction with CAD-based geometry to perform detailed geometry analysis on complex geomerty.

NOTE: This notebook will not run successfully if OpenMC has not been built with DAGMC support enabled.

In [1]:
import os
from IPython.display import Image
import openmc
import openmc.lib

assert(openmc.lib._dagmc_enabled())

We'll need to download our DAGMC geometry and unstructured mesh files. We'll be retrieving those using the function and URLs below.

In [2]:
from IPython.display import display, clear_output
import urllib.request

manifold_geom_url = 'https://tinyurl.com/rp7grox' # 99 MB
manifold_mesh_url = 'https://tinyurl.com/wojemuh' # 5.4 MB

    
def download(url, filename):
    """
    Helper function for retrieving dagmc models
    """
    def progress_hook(count, block_size, total_size):
        prog_percent = 100 * count * block_size / total_size
        prog_percent = min(100., prog_percent)
        clear_output(wait=True)
        display('Downloading {}: {:.1f}%'.format(filename, prog_percent))
                    
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename, progress_hook)

The model we'll be looking at in this example is a steel piping manifold:

In [3]:
Image("./images/manifold-cad.png", width=800)
Out[3]:

This is a nice example of a model which would be extremely difficult to model using CSG. To get started, we'll need two files:

  1. the DAGMC gometry file on which we'll track particles and
  2. a tetrahedral mesh of the piping structure on which we'll score tallies

To start, let's create the materials we'll need for this problem. The pipes are steel and we'll model the surrounding area as air.

In [4]:
air = openmc.Material(name='air')
air.set_density('g/cc', 0.001205)
air.add_element('N', 0.784431)
air.add_element('O', 0.210748)
air.add_element('Ar',0.0046)

steel = openmc.Material(name='steel')
steel.set_density('g/cc', 8.0)
steel.add_element('Si', 0.010048)
steel.add_element('S', 0.00023)
steel.add_element('Fe', 0.669)
steel.add_element('Ni', 0.12)
steel.add_element('Mo', 0.025)
steel.add_nuclide('P31',0.00023)
steel.add_nuclide('Mn55',0.011014)

materials = openmc.Materials([air, steel])
materials.export_to_xml()

Now let's download the geometry and mesh files. (This may take some time.)

In [5]:
# get the manifold DAGMC geometry file
download(manifold_geom_url, 'dagmc.h5m') 
# get the manifold tet mesh
download(manifold_mesh_url, 'manifold.h5m')
'Downloading manifold.h5m: 100.0%'

Next we'll create a 5 MeV neutron point source at the entrance the single pipe on the low side of the model with

In [6]:
src_pnt = openmc.stats.Point(xyz=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
src_energy = openmc.stats.Discrete(x=[5.e+06], p=[1.0])

source = openmc.Source(space=src_pnt, energy=src_energy)

settings = openmc.Settings()
settings.source = source

settings.run_mode = "fixed source"
settings.batches = 10
settings.particles = 100

And we'll indicate that we're using a CAD-based geometry.

In [7]:
settings.dagmc = True

settings.export_to_xml()

We'll run a few particles through this geometry to make sure everything is working properly.

In [8]:
openmc.run()
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                   | The OpenMC Monte Carlo Code
         Copyright | 2011-2020 MIT and OpenMC contributors
           License | http://openmc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
           Version | 0.12.0-dev
          Git SHA1 | c9cbdb7c70b202e847c7169f9e5602f110a43853
         Date/Time | 2020-04-24 09:25:02
    OpenMP Threads | 8

 Reading settings XML file...
 Reading cross sections XML file...
 Reading materials XML file...
 Reading DAGMC geometry...
Loading file dagmc.h5m
Initializing the GeomQueryTool...
Using faceting tolerance: 0.001
Building OBB Tree...
 Reading N14 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/N14.h5
 Reading N15 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/N15.h5
 Reading O16 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/O16.h5
 Reading O17 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/O17.h5
 Reading Ar36 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Ar36.h5
 WARNING: Negative value(s) found on probability table for nuclide Ar36 at 294K
 Reading Ar38 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Ar38.h5
 Reading Ar40 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Ar40.h5
 Reading Si28 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Si28.h5
 Reading Si29 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Si29.h5
 Reading Si30 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Si30.h5
 Reading S32 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/S32.h5
 Reading S33 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/S33.h5
 Reading S34 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/S34.h5
 Reading S36 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/S36.h5
 Reading Fe54 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Fe54.h5
 Reading Fe56 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Fe56.h5
 Reading Fe57 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Fe57.h5
 Reading Fe58 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Fe58.h5
 Reading Ni58 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Ni58.h5
 Reading Ni60 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Ni60.h5
 Reading Ni61 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Ni61.h5
 Reading Ni62 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Ni62.h5
 Reading Ni64 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Ni64.h5
 Reading Mo100 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Mo100.h5
 Reading Mo92 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Mo92.h5
 Reading Mo94 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Mo94.h5
 Reading Mo95 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Mo95.h5
 Reading Mo96 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Mo96.h5
 Reading Mo97 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Mo97.h5
 Reading Mo98 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Mo98.h5
 Reading P31 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/P31.h5
 Reading Mn55 from /home/shriwise/opt/openmc/xs/nndc_hdf5/Mn55.h5
 Maximum neutron transport energy: 20000000.000000 eV for N15
 Minimum neutron data temperature: 294.000000 K
 Maximum neutron data temperature: 294.000000 K
 Reading tallies XML file...
 Preparing distributed cell instances...
 Writing summary.h5 file...

 ===============>     FIXED SOURCE TRANSPORT SIMULATION     <===============

 Simulating batch 1
 Simulating batch 2
 Simulating batch 3
 Simulating batch 4
 Simulating batch 5
 Simulating batch 6
 Simulating batch 7
 Simulating batch 8
 Simulating batch 9
 Simulating batch 10
 Creating state point statepoint.10.h5...
 WARNING: Skipping unstructured mesh writing for tally 1. More than one filter
          is present on the tally.

 =======================>     TIMING STATISTICS     <=======================

 Total time for initialization     = 4.3651e+01 seconds
   Reading cross sections          = 2.1907e+00 seconds
 Total time in simulation          = 3.4743e-01 seconds
   Time in transport only          = 2.9555e-01 seconds
   Time in active batches          = 3.4743e-01 seconds
   Time accumulating tallies       = 7.6575e-03 seconds
 Total time for finalization       = 2.2273e-01 seconds
 Total time elapsed                = 4.4224e+01 seconds
 Calculation Rate (active)         = 2878.27 particles/second

 ============================>     RESULTS     <============================

 Leakage Fraction            = 0.96800 +/- 0.00573

Now let's setup the unstructured mesh tally. We'll do this the same way we did in the previous notebook.

In [9]:
unstructured_mesh = openmc.UnstructuredMesh("manifold.h5m")

mesh_filter = openmc.MeshFilter(unstructured_mesh)

tally = openmc.Tally()
tally.filters = [mesh_filter]
tally.scores = ['flux']
tally.estimator = 'tracklength'

tallies = openmc.Tallies([tally])
tallies.export_to_xml()
In [10]:
settings.batches = 200
settings.particles = 5000
settings.export_to_xml()
In [11]:
openmc.run(output=False)

Again we should see that tally_1.200.vtk file which we can use to visualize our results in VisIt, ParaView, or another tool of your choice that supports VTK files.

In [12]:
!ls *.vtk
manifold_flux.vtk  tally_1.100.vtk  tally_1.200.vtk
manifold.vtk	   tally_1.10.vtk
In [13]:
Image("./images/manifold_flux.png", width="800")
Out[13]:

For the purpose of this example, we haven't run enough particles to score in all of the tet elements, but we indeed see larger flux values near the source location at the bottom of the model.

Visualization with statepoint data

It was mentioned in the previous unstructured mesh example that the centroids and volumes of elements are written to the state point file. Here, we'll explore how to use that information to produce point cloud information for visualization of this data.

This is particularly important when combining an unstructured mesh tally with other filters as a .vtk file will not automatically be written with the statepoint file in that scenario. To demonstrate this, let's setup a tally similar to the one above, but add an energy filter and re-run the model.

In [14]:
# energy filter with bins from 0 to 1 MeV and 1 MeV to 5 MeV
energy_filter = openmc.EnergyFilter((0.0, 1.e+06, 5.e+06))

tally.filters = [mesh_filter, energy_filter]
print(tally)
print(energy_filter)
tallies.export_to_xml()
Tally
	ID             =	1
	Name           =	
	Filters        =	MeshFilter, EnergyFilter
	Nuclides       =	
	Scores         =	['flux']
	Estimator      =	tracklength
EnergyFilter
	Values         =	[      0. 1000000. 5000000.]
	ID             =	2

In [15]:
!cat tallies.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<tallies>
  <mesh id="1" type="unstructured">
    <filename>manifold.h5m</filename>
  </mesh>
  <filter id="1" type="mesh">
    <bins>1</bins>
  </filter>
  <filter id="2" type="energy">
    <bins>0.0 1000000.0 5000000.0</bins>
  </filter>
  <tally id="1">
    <filters>1 2</filters>
    <scores>flux</scores>
    <estimator>tracklength</estimator>
  </tally>
</tallies>
In [16]:
openmc.run(output=False)

Noice the warning at the end of the output above indicating that the .vtk file we used before isn't written in this case.

Let's open up this statepoint file and get the information we need to create the point cloud data instead.

NOTE: You will need the Python vtk module installed to run this part of the notebook.

In [17]:
with openmc.StatePoint("statepoint.200.h5") as sp:
    tally = sp.tallies[1]
    
    umesh = sp.meshes[1]
    centroids = umesh.centroids
    mesh_vols = umesh.volumes
    
    thermal_flux = tally.get_values(scores=['flux'], 
                                    filters=[openmc.EnergyFilter],
                                    filter_bins=[((0.0, 1.e+06),)])
    fast_flux = tally.get_values(scores=['flux'],
                                 filters=[openmc.EnergyFilter],
                                 filter_bins=[((1.e+06, 5.e+06),)])
In [18]:
data_dict = {'Flux 0 - 1 MeV' : thermal_flux,
             'Flux 1 - 5 MeV' : fast_flux,
             'Total Flux' : thermal_flux + fast_flux}

umesh.write_data_to_vtk("manifold", data_dict)
/home/shriwise/.pyenv/versions/3.7.3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/vtk/util/numpy_support.py:137: FutureWarning: Conversion of the second argument of issubdtype from `complex` to `np.complexfloating` is deprecated. In future, it will be treated as `np.complex128 == np.dtype(complex).type`.
  assert not numpy.issubdtype(z.dtype, complex), \

We should now see our new flux file in the directory. It can be used to visualize the results in the same way as our other .vtk files.

In [19]:
!ls *.vtk
manifold_flux.vtk  tally_1.100.vtk  tally_1.200.vtk
manifold.vtk	   tally_1.10.vtk
In [20]:
Image("./images/manifold_pnt_cld.png", width=800)
Out[20]: