from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Iterable
from numbers import Real
import sys
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
import numpy as np
import openmc.checkvalue as cv
from openmc._xml import get_text
from openmc.mixin import EqualityMixin
_INTERPOLATION_SCHEMES = ['histogram', 'linear-linear', 'linear-log',
'log-linear', 'log-log']
[docs]class Univariate(EqualityMixin, metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""Probability distribution of a single random variable.
The Univariate class is an abstract class that can be derived to implement a
specific probability distribution.
"""
def __init__(self):
pass
@abstractmethod
def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
return ''
@abstractmethod
def __len__(self):
return 0
@classmethod
@abstractmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
distribution = get_text(elem, 'type')
if distribution == 'discrete':
return Discrete.from_xml_element(elem)
elif distribution == 'uniform':
return Uniform.from_xml_element(elem)
elif distribution == 'maxwell':
return Maxwell.from_xml_element(elem)
elif distribution == 'watt':
return Watt.from_xml_element(elem)
elif distribution == 'normal':
return Normal.from_xml_element(elem)
elif distribution == 'muir':
return Muir.from_xml_element(elem)
elif distribution == 'tabular':
return Tabular.from_xml_element(elem)
elif distribution == 'legendre':
return Legendre.from_xml_element(elem)
elif distribution == 'mixture':
return Mixture.from_xml_element(elem)
[docs]class Discrete(Univariate):
"""Distribution characterized by a probability mass function.
The Discrete distribution assigns probability values to discrete values of a
random variable, rather than expressing the distribution as a continuous
random variable.
Parameters
----------
x : Iterable of float
Values of the random variable
p : Iterable of float
Discrete probability for each value
Attributes
----------
x : Iterable of float
Values of the random variable
p : Iterable of float
Discrete probability for each value
"""
def __init__(self, x, p):
super().__init__()
self.x = x
self.p = p
def __len__(self):
return len(self.x)
@property
def x(self):
return self._x
@property
def p(self):
return self._p
@x.setter
def x(self, x):
if isinstance(x, Real):
x = [x]
cv.check_type('discrete values', x, Iterable, Real)
self._x = x
@p.setter
def p(self, p):
if isinstance(p, Real):
p = [p]
cv.check_type('discrete probabilities', p, Iterable, Real)
for pk in p:
cv.check_greater_than('discrete probability', pk, 0.0, True)
self._p = p
[docs] def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
"""Return XML representation of the discrete distribution
Parameters
----------
element_name : str
XML element name
Returns
-------
element : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element containing discrete distribution data
"""
element = ET.Element(element_name)
element.set("type", "discrete")
params = ET.SubElement(element, "parameters")
params.text = ' '.join(map(str, self.x)) + ' ' + ' '.join(map(str, self.p))
return element
[docs] @classmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
"""Generate discrete distribution from an XML element
Parameters
----------
elem : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element
Returns
-------
openmc.stats.Discrete
Discrete distribution generated from XML element
"""
params = [float(x) for x in get_text(elem, 'parameters').split()]
x = params[:len(params)//2]
p = params[len(params)//2:]
return cls(x, p)
[docs]class Maxwell(Univariate):
"""Maxwellian distribution in energy.
The Maxwellian distribution in energy is characterized by a single parameter
:math:`\theta` and has a density function :math:`p(E) dE = c E e^{-E/\theta}
dE`.
Parameters
----------
theta : float
Effective temperature for distribution in eV
Attributes
----------
theta : float
Effective temperature for distribution in eV
"""
def __init__(self, theta):
super().__init__()
self.theta = theta
def __len__(self):
return 1
@property
def theta(self):
return self._theta
@theta.setter
def theta(self, theta):
cv.check_type('Maxwell temperature', theta, Real)
cv.check_greater_than('Maxwell temperature', theta, 0.0)
self._theta = theta
[docs] def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
"""Return XML representation of the Maxwellian distribution
Parameters
----------
element_name : str
XML element name
Returns
-------
element : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element containing Maxwellian distribution data
"""
element = ET.Element(element_name)
element.set("type", "maxwell")
element.set("parameters", str(self.theta))
return element
[docs] @classmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
"""Generate Maxwellian distribution from an XML element
Parameters
----------
elem : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element
Returns
-------
openmc.stats.Maxwell
Maxwellian distribution generated from XML element
"""
theta = float(get_text(elem, 'parameters'))
return cls(theta)
[docs]class Watt(Univariate):
r"""Watt fission energy spectrum.
The Watt fission energy spectrum is characterized by two parameters
:math:`a` and :math:`b` and has density function :math:`p(E) dE = c e^{-E/a}
\sinh \sqrt{b \, E} dE`.
Parameters
----------
a : float
First parameter of distribution in units of eV
b : float
Second parameter of distribution in units of 1/eV
Attributes
----------
a : float
First parameter of distribution in units of eV
b : float
Second parameter of distribution in units of 1/eV
"""
def __init__(self, a=0.988e6, b=2.249e-6):
super().__init__()
self.a = a
self.b = b
def __len__(self):
return 2
@property
def a(self):
return self._a
@property
def b(self):
return self._b
@a.setter
def a(self, a):
cv.check_type('Watt a', a, Real)
cv.check_greater_than('Watt a', a, 0.0)
self._a = a
@b.setter
def b(self, b):
cv.check_type('Watt b', b, Real)
cv.check_greater_than('Watt b', b, 0.0)
self._b = b
[docs] def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
"""Return XML representation of the Watt distribution
Parameters
----------
element_name : str
XML element name
Returns
-------
element : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element containing Watt distribution data
"""
element = ET.Element(element_name)
element.set("type", "watt")
element.set("parameters", '{} {}'.format(self.a, self.b))
return element
[docs] @classmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
"""Generate Watt distribution from an XML element
Parameters
----------
elem : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element
Returns
-------
openmc.stats.Watt
Watt distribution generated from XML element
"""
params = get_text(elem, 'parameters').split()
return cls(*map(float, params))
[docs]class Normal(Univariate):
r"""Normally distributed sampling.
The Normal Distribution is characterized by two parameters
:math:`\mu` and :math:`\sigma` and has density function
:math:`p(X) dX = 1/(\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma) e^{-(X-\mu)^2/(2\sigma^2)}`
Parameters
----------
mean_value : float
Mean value of the distribution
std_dev : float
Standard deviation of the Normal distribution
Attributes
----------
mean_value : float
Mean of the Normal distribution
std_dev : float
Standard deviation of the Normal distribution
"""
def __init__(self, mean_value, std_dev):
super().__init__()
self.mean_value = mean_value
self.std_dev = std_dev
def __len__(self):
return 2
@property
def mean_value(self):
return self._mean_value
@property
def std_dev(self):
return self._std_dev
@mean_value.setter
def mean_value(self, mean_value):
cv.check_type('Normal mean_value', mean_value, Real)
cv.check_greater_than('Normal mean_value', mean_value, 0.0)
self._mean_value = mean_value
@std_dev.setter
def std_dev(self, std_dev):
cv.check_type('Normal std_dev', std_dev, Real)
cv.check_greater_than('Normal std_dev', std_dev, 0.0)
self._std_dev = std_dev
[docs] def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
"""Return XML representation of the Normal distribution
Parameters
----------
element_name : str
XML element name
Returns
-------
element : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element containing Watt distribution data
"""
element = ET.Element(element_name)
element.set("type", "normal")
element.set("parameters", '{} {}'.format(self.mean_value, self.std_dev))
return element
[docs] @classmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
"""Generate Normal distribution from an XML element
Parameters
----------
elem : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element
Returns
-------
openmc.stats.Normal
Normal distribution generated from XML element
"""
params = get_text(elem, 'parameters').split()
return cls(*map(float, params))
[docs]class Muir(Univariate):
"""Muir energy spectrum.
The Muir energy spectrum is a Gaussian spectrum, but for
convenience reasons allows the user 3 parameters to define
the distribution, e0 the mean energy of particles, the mass
of reactants m_rat, and the ion temperature kt.
Parameters
----------
e0 : float
Mean of the Muir distribution in units of eV
m_rat : float
Ratio of the sum of the masses of the reaction inputs to an
AMU
kt : float
Ion temperature for the Muir distribution in units of eV
Attributes
----------
e0 : float
Mean of the Muir distribution in units of eV
m_rat : float
Ratio of the sum of the masses of the reaction inputs to an
AMU
kt : float
Ion temperature for the Muir distribution in units of eV
"""
def __init__(self, e0=14.08e6, m_rat = 5., kt = 20000.):
super().__init__()
self.e0 = e0
self.m_rat = m_rat
self.kt = kt
def __len__(self):
return 3
@property
def e0(self):
return self._e0
@property
def m_rat(self):
return self._m_rat
@property
def kt(self):
return self._kt
@e0.setter
def e0(self, e0):
cv.check_type('Muir e0', e0, Real)
cv.check_greater_than('Muir e0', e0, 0.0)
self._e0 = e0
@m_rat.setter
def m_rat(self, m_rat):
cv.check_type('Muir m_rat', m_rat, Real)
cv.check_greater_than('Muir m_rat', m_rat, 0.0)
self._m_rat = m_rat
@kt.setter
def kt(self, kt):
cv.check_type('Muir kt', kt, Real)
cv.check_greater_than('Muir kt', kt, 0.0)
self._kt = kt
[docs] def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
"""Return XML representation of the Watt distribution
Parameters
----------
element_name : str
XML element name
Returns
-------
element : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element containing Watt distribution data
"""
element = ET.Element(element_name)
element.set("type", "muir")
element.set("parameters", '{} {} {}'.format(self._e0, self._m_rat, self._kt))
return element
[docs] @classmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
"""Generate Muir distribution from an XML element
Parameters
----------
elem : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element
Returns
-------
openmc.stats.Muir
Muir distribution generated from XML element
"""
params = get_text(elem, 'parameters').split()
return cls(*map(float, params))
[docs]class Tabular(Univariate):
"""Piecewise continuous probability distribution.
This class is used to represent a probability distribution whose density
function is tabulated at specific values with a specified interpolation
scheme.
Parameters
----------
x : Iterable of float
Tabulated values of the random variable
p : Iterable of float
Tabulated probabilities
interpolation : {'histogram', 'linear-linear', 'linear-log', 'log-linear', 'log-log'}, optional
Indicate whether the density function is constant between tabulated
points or linearly-interpolated. Defaults to 'linear-linear'.
ignore_negative : bool
Ignore negative probabilities
Attributes
----------
x : Iterable of float
Tabulated values of the random variable
p : Iterable of float
Tabulated probabilities
interpolation : {'histogram', 'linear-linear', 'linear-log', 'log-linear', 'log-log'}, optional
Indicate whether the density function is constant between tabulated
points or linearly-interpolated.
"""
def __init__(self, x, p, interpolation='linear-linear',
ignore_negative=False):
super().__init__()
self._ignore_negative = ignore_negative
self.x = x
self.p = p
self.interpolation = interpolation
def __len__(self):
return len(self.x)
@property
def x(self):
return self._x
@property
def p(self):
return self._p
@property
def interpolation(self):
return self._interpolation
@x.setter
def x(self, x):
cv.check_type('tabulated values', x, Iterable, Real)
self._x = x
@p.setter
def p(self, p):
cv.check_type('tabulated probabilities', p, Iterable, Real)
if not self._ignore_negative:
for pk in p:
cv.check_greater_than('tabulated probability', pk, 0.0, True)
self._p = p
@interpolation.setter
def interpolation(self, interpolation):
cv.check_value('interpolation', interpolation, _INTERPOLATION_SCHEMES)
self._interpolation = interpolation
[docs] def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
"""Return XML representation of the tabular distribution
Parameters
----------
element_name : str
XML element name
Returns
-------
element : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element containing tabular distribution data
"""
element = ET.Element(element_name)
element.set("type", "tabular")
element.set("interpolation", self.interpolation)
params = ET.SubElement(element, "parameters")
params.text = ' '.join(map(str, self.x)) + ' ' + ' '.join(map(str, self.p))
return element
[docs] @classmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
"""Generate tabular distribution from an XML element
Parameters
----------
elem : xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
XML element
Returns
-------
openmc.stats.Tabular
Tabular distribution generated from XML element
"""
interpolation = get_text(elem, 'interpolation')
params = [float(x) for x in get_text(elem, 'parameters').split()]
x = params[:len(params)//2]
p = params[len(params)//2:]
return cls(x, p, interpolation)
[docs]class Legendre(Univariate):
r"""Probability density given by a Legendre polynomial expansion
:math:`\sum\limits_{\ell=0}^N \frac{2\ell + 1}{2} a_\ell P_\ell(\mu)`.
Parameters
----------
coefficients : Iterable of Real
Expansion coefficients :math:`a_\ell`. Note that the :math:`(2\ell +
1)/2` factor should not be included.
Attributes
----------
coefficients : Iterable of Real
Expansion coefficients :math:`a_\ell`. Note that the :math:`(2\ell +
1)/2` factor should not be included.
"""
def __init__(self, coefficients):
self.coefficients = coefficients
self._legendre_poly = None
def __call__(self, x):
# Create Legendre polynomial if we haven't yet
if self._legendre_poly is None:
l = np.arange(len(self._coefficients))
coeffs = (2.*l + 1.)/2. * self._coefficients
self._legendre_poly = np.polynomial.Legendre(coeffs)
return self._legendre_poly(x)
def __len__(self):
return len(self._coefficients)
@property
def coefficients(self):
return self._coefficients
@coefficients.setter
def coefficients(self, coefficients):
self._coefficients = np.asarray(coefficients)
def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
raise NotImplementedError
@classmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
raise NotImplementedError
[docs]class Mixture(Univariate):
"""Probability distribution characterized by a mixture of random variables.
Parameters
----------
probability : Iterable of Real
Probability of selecting a particular distribution
distribution : Iterable of Univariate
List of distributions with corresponding probabilities
Attributes
----------
probability : Iterable of Real
Probability of selecting a particular distribution
distribution : Iterable of Univariate
List of distributions with corresponding probabilities
"""
def __init__(self, probability, distribution):
super().__init__()
self.probability = probability
self.distribution = distribution
def __len__(self):
return sum(len(d) for d in self.distribution)
@property
def probability(self):
return self._probability
@property
def distribution(self):
return self._distribution
@probability.setter
def probability(self, probability):
cv.check_type('mixture distribution probabilities', probability,
Iterable, Real)
for p in probability:
cv.check_greater_than('mixture distribution probabilities',
p, 0.0, True)
self._probability = probability
@distribution.setter
def distribution(self, distribution):
cv.check_type('mixture distribution components', distribution,
Iterable, Univariate)
self._distribution = distribution
def to_xml_element(self, element_name):
raise NotImplementedError
@classmethod
def from_xml_element(cls, elem):
raise NotImplementedError